Vigilant Dodgers

Instant - Destroy this: Prevent the next 1 damage that would be dealt to you this turn. Activate this only if a weapon has attacked this turn.

Vigilant Dodger’s produces a shielding-prevention effect. If it cannot apply to a source of damage (i.e. the damage cannot be prevented) then it will apply to the next source of damage.
This prevents all types of damage including damage from attacks ( damage), arcane damage, and (untyped) damage. This does not prevent loss of life.